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Tichodroma 30 (2018) Pôvodné práce
Krátke správy Ostatné
Editoriál  Monitoring populácie jariabka hôrneho (Tetrastes bonasia) pomocou akustickej identifikácie kohútov Monitoring the population of Hazel Grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) using acoustic identification of cocks Šimon KERTYS Správa CHKO Horná Orava, Bernolákova 408, SK-029 01 Námestovo, Slovensko; e-mail: simon.kertys@sopsr.sk Abstract. This research points to the possibility of identifying Hazel Grouse cocks (Tetrastes bonasia) on the basic of the unique characteristics of their song. The method was used to monitor the grouse population in the northern part of the Protected landscape area Horna Orava during the years 2015–2017. The Hazel Grouse cocks were provoked to singing by imitation of the cock’s and hen’s voice using the lure whistle. The reacting individuals were recorded by hand using dictaphone. Subsequent visual comparison of vocal graphic illustration enabled us to identify 21 cocks from 269 songs in 149 recordings. Each recorded cock composed his song from 6 to 10 elements, whose number and specific arrangement formed together an individual acoustic signature that allows the recognition of individual cocks. Thanks to this method, seven cocks could be monitored during each season (spring–autumn) and even during the individual years of mapping process. Key words: Tetrastes bonasia, song, recognition, individuality Popis nových dialektov spevu strnádky lúčnej (Emberiza calandra) zo Slovenska A description of the new dialects in Corn Bunting (Emberiza calandra) from Slovakia Lucia TURČOKOVÁ RUBÁČOVÁ & Paulína PRUŠANSKÁ Katedra zoológie, Prírodovedecká fakulta, Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovensko; e-mail: lucia.rubacova@uniba.sk, paulina.rajcakova@gmail.com Abstract. Bird song is variable on several levels. In addition to invariable species-specific song traits, there may be some spatial variability within a species, usually resulting in the development of dialect. Dialect may convey relation to particular population. Several dialects of Corn Bunting (Emberiza calandra) have been described from populations occupying Western Europe and Poland. The aim of this study was to describe dialects used by males from three populations in Southwest Slovakia and to find out whether they belong to any of the already described dialect groups. In breeding period 2015, spontaneous male songs were recorded at the locality Levice (n = 12), Kuchyňa (n = 9) and Vrádište (n = 6). Qualitative analysis of final song phrases showed that males could not be assigned to any dialect group described before. For this reason, a two new dialect patterns (S1 in Levice and Vrádište, S2 in Kuchyňa) were described. These patterns were shared by all the recorded singing males at the locality. According to the initial song phrase, eight different song types were found, two of which were used at the first, two at the second and three at the third locality. One song type was present at all three localities. Most males combined at maximum two different song types, one of which was sung most frequently. The songs from different populations show no differences in any frequency traits. Correlation analysis confirmed that songs within the population are more similar than songs among populations. Key words: local dialect, bioacoustics, Emberiza calandra, Slovak populations, song variability Početnosť a rozšírenie kuvika obyčajného (Athene noctua) v Rimavskej kotline (južné Slovensko) The abundance and distribution of Little Owl (Athene noctua) in Rimavská kotlina Basin (S Slovakia) Monika GÁLFFYOVÁ Gemersko-malohontské múzeum, Nám. M. Tompu 5, SK-979 01 Rimavská Sobota, Slovensko; e-mail: monika.galffyova@gmail.com Abstract. The abundance and distribution of Little Owl was monitored in Rimavská kotlina Basin (central Slovakia) in the years 2015–2017 using visual observations, recording of spontaneous calls and playback of male territorial calls. Altogether 172 sites in 102 municipalities were mapped. There were 45 pairs detected, 16 pairs in the valleys of the rivers Rimava and Slaná, respectively, 8 in the valley of Blh, 2 pairs in the valley of Turiec and Valická valley, and 1 pair in the valley of Sokolí potok. 57.8% of the pairs were detected in farmyards and agricultural buildings and 42.2% were detected in residential buildings and churches. The total number of breeding pairs of Little Owls in the area was estimated at 45–65 pairs, with the density of 0.55–0.79 pairs/10 km2 (1 pair/12.66–18.29 km2). The Little Owl had been monitored on a part of the area of the Rimavská kotlina Basin also in 2011. Then, the species was present at 19 sites of 49 checked. During this survey, there were 18 pairs detected at these sites. This suggests that the population of the species in the area was at the time of the study quite stable. Key words: abundance, distribution, Athene noctua, Rimavská kotlina Basin, Slovakia Distribúcia a hustota výra skalného (Bubo bubo) v Nitrianskej pahorkatine a Hornonitrianskej kotline (západné Slovensko) v rokoch 2013 – 2017 Distribution and density of the Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) in the Nitrianska pahorkatina Hills and the Hornonitrianska kotlina Basin (W Slovakia) in 2013–2017 Ladislav ŠNÍRER, Stanislav HARVANČÍK & Andrej DÚBRAVSKÝ Horská 1314/42, 95806 Partizánske, Slovensko; e-mail: snirer@pobox.sk Štátna ochrana prírody SR, Správa Chránenej krajinnej oblasti Ponitrie, Samova 3, 949 01 Nitra, Slovensko Strojárenská 198, 95801 Partizánske, Slovensko Abstract. Breeding population of the Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is localized mainly in marginal parts and foothills of Tribeč Mts., Považský Inovec Mts. and Strážovské vrchy Mts. In 2013–2017 we checked 72 sites (in study area 1440 km2) and found 30 breeding pairs (i.e. density 2.1 pairs/ 100 km2. Altogether we recorded 81 breeding attempts, of them 57 successful and 118 chicks (11 nests with 1 chick, 32 with 2, 13 with 3 a 1 with 4 chicks). We analysed distribution and density of nests according to habitats (abandoned stone quarries, active stone quarries, rocky slopes, tree nests in forest, buildings). The abandoned stone pits was the best habitat (in the sense of chick number; 45 successful nests of 59 nests = 76.3%), when 91 chicks fledged (77.1% of all fledged chicks). Based on this study we can conclude that the population was stable within the study period. Key words: breeding, owls, habitats, distribution, density, Ponitrie Does breeding environment affect eggshell bacteria load and female antibacterial defence investment? Ovplyvňuje hniezdne prostredie baktérie vaječnej škrupiny a investície samíc do antimikrobiálnej obrany? Alžbeta DAROLOVÁ, Ján KRIŠTOFÍK, Juraj MAJTAN, Michal ZEMAN, Monika OKULIAROVÁ, Felix KNAUER, Lucia RUBÁČOVÁ & Herbert HOI Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; email: alzbeta.darolova@savba.sk Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia & Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, SK-833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Conservation Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Savoyenstrasse 1a, A-1160 Vienna, Austria Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine, Savoyenstrasse 1a, A-1160 Vienna, Austria Abstract. Eggshell surface of birds constitutes a suitable environment for bacteria which may have an important impact on the embryo. One important determinant for bacteria development is humidity. We predict bacterial loads on eggshells to be higher in birds breeding in wet environments (e.g. marsh habitats) in comparison to species breeding in other (dry) habitats, assuming that eggs of wetland birds are more likely faced a higher degree of humidity due to increased evaporation and water contact. To minimize damage through bacteria female birds are known to develop several defence strategies including allocation of antimicrobial substances into the eggs. Here we aim to show whether habitat dependent differences in eggshell bacteria loads do exist, more specifically, whether bird species breeding in wetland habitats have to cope with higher bacterial loads on their eggs and whether maternal investment into egg immune defence may have evolved as a counterstrategy to protect embryos from bacteria penetrating the egg shell. Our results reveal eggshell bacteria loads in wetlands to be a multiply higher than in dry habitats. There is no obvious difference in parameters related to maternal egg immune defence investment which seems to be even lower in wetland habitats. In this context alternative possibilities of factors influencing studied parameters are discussed. Key words: birds, bacteria, egg, nesting habitat, lysozyme, maternal investment Sojky vytvárajú vnášaním dubov do pásov krovín nové habitaty pre lesné vtáky v poľnohospodárskej krajine European jays create new habitats for forests birds in agricultural land by spreading oaks into shrub belts Štefan PAVLÍK, Ján PAVLÍK& Matej PAVLÍK Výskum ekologických procesov, Cesta armády 235/7, 962 63 Pliešovce; Slovensko; e-mail: spavlik235@gmail.com Prekážka 725/13, 033 01 Liptovský Hrádok, Slovensko; e-mail: pavlik.krsiak@gmail.com A. Hlinku 2337/6, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovensko; e-mail: matej.pavlikzv@gmail.com Abstract. The European jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a very efficient acorn disperser, and most of the Quercus seeds, especially at medium to large distances, are jay-dispersed. Jays disperse acorns effectively also into shrub belts in agricultural land, and thus they create new habitats. Such new structures enable to some forest birds, that do not nest within treeless shrub belts, to penetrate into shrub belts with oaks and to spread in open agricultural land. We compared the species composition of breeding bird assemblages in three hazel-blackthorn shrub belts with different proportion of oaks (belts B–D) with those in a shrub belt without trees (belt A) and at an oak forest edge (belt E). From 21 bird species nesting in shrub belts A–D, eight ones were forest birds (Parus major, Sturnus vulgaris, Jynx torquilla, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, G. glandarius, Oriolus oriolus, Phylloscopus collybita, Streptopelia turtur) which did not nest in the shrub belt A without trees. Only one forest bird species (P. major) nested in the shrub belt B with low proportion of oaks, and 6–8 ones in the shrub belts C and D with higher proportion of oaks. On the other hand, up to 11 bird species nesting at the oak forest edge (belt E) did not nest in the shrub belts with oaks in open agricultural land. Key words: Garrulus glandarius, acorn dispersal, shrubs with oaks, breeding bird assemblages, agricultural landscape Početnosť zimujúcich vodných vtákov na severe Slovenska počas januárov 2014 – 2018 The number of wintering waterbirds in northern Slovakia in Januaries 2014–2018 Michal BALÁŽ, Dušan KARASKA, Matej REPEL Katedra biológie a ekológie, Pedagogická fakulta Katolíckej univerzity, Hrabovská cesta 1, 034 01 Ružomberok, Slovensko; e-mail: michal.balaz@ku.sk Štátna ochrana prírody SR, Správa CHKO Horná Orava, Bernolákova 408, 029 01 Námestovo, Slovensko; e-mail: dusan.karaska@sopsr.sk Slovenská ornitologická spoločnosť/BirdLife Slovensko, Námestie osloboditeľov 1, 071 01 Michalovce, Slovensko; e-mail: repel@vtaky.sk Abstract. The structure of wintering waterbird assemblages is highly affected by the temperature. Wintering birds are not able to find enough food during the cold winters and they have to migrate to areas with better conditions. During the Januaries 2014–2018 44 (yearly 23–34) water bird species were registered in three regions of Northern Slovakia. The overall number of wintering birds ranged from 9125 to 12,639. There was found the significant impact of the temperature on the number of diving ducks. Mainly the Common Merganser and the Common Goldeneye significantly increased their numbers in winters with lower temperature. The most prominent influence between temperature and the number of wintering birds was found in last two Januaries (2017 and 2018) which were significantly different in average temperature. January 2017 was about 8.5 °C colder than January 2018 and many wintering localities were frozen. Despite this fact the number of wintering birds in 2017 was higher than in 2018. However, the number of species has decreased in 2017. The most of the differences were caused by the changing numbers of diving ducks which had to leave traditional wintering sites in northern parts of Europe during cold winter of 2017. Key words: abundance, dominance, Aythya fuligula, Mergus merganser, Bucephala clangula Posledné dokumentované hniezdenie ležiaka úhorového (Burhinus oedicnemus) na Slovensku The last documented breeding of Eurasian Stone-curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) in Slovakia Jozef CHAVKO & Michal NOGA Ochrana dravcov na Slovensku, Trhová 54, SK-841 01 Bratislava, Slovensko; e-mail: chavko@dravce.sk Ľubovníkova 34, SK-841 07 Bratislava, Slovensko; e-mail: saola.sk@gmail.com Abstract. The last known breeding of Eurasian Stone-curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) in Slovakia was documented in 1995 (June 8–July 17). A pair bred in maize field near Most pri Bratislave-Studené (SW Slovakia, 48.12333 N, 17.29486 E). Key words: Burhinus oedicnemus, breeding, Slovakia Prehľad krúžkovania vtákov na Slovensku za rok 2017 Bird-ringing results in Slovakia in 2017 Michal JENČO & Matej REPEL Slovenská ornitologická spoločnosť/BirdLife Slovensko, Krúžkovacia centrála, Námestie osloboditeľov 1, SK-071 01 Michalovce, Slovensko; e-mail: kruzkysk@gmail.com Abstract. In 2017, 50 ringers ringed altogether 56,251, of them 5,439 were nestlings. That number was 5.51% lower compare to 2016. The ringed birds belonged to 148 species. The most numerous ringed species were Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica, 7,317 ind.), Great Tit (Parus major, 6,524 individuals), Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla, 3,988 ind.), Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus 3,558 ind.), Common chiffcaff (Phylloscopus collybita 2,509 ind.) The colour ringed schemes in Slovakia are given. Alltogether 716 abroad recoveries were registered, out of them were 208 individuals re-trapped in Slovakia and ringed abroad, 508 idividuals ringed in Slovakia re-trapped abroad. Key words: bird ringing, recoveries, colour ringing schemes 18. správa Faunistickej komisie Slovenskej ornitologickej spoločnosti/BirdLife Slovensko The 18th report of the Rarities Committee of the Slovak Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia Richard KVETKO & FK SOS/BirdLife Sl ovensko SNP 14, 903 01 Senec, Slovensko; e-mail: richard.kvetko@centrum.sk Abstract. In 2017, the Rarities Committee of the Slovak Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia reviewed 82 records, of which 67 were accepted in the category A, four in category C, two in category D, two in category E. Furthermore four breeding records were accepted and one record is awaiting decision. Two records were rejected. First record of Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva) and Orange-flanked Bush-robin (Tarsiger cyanurus), first breeding record of Grey-headed Wagtail (Motacilla flava ssp. thunbergi), one record of Pink-footed Goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), four records of Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus), one record of Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), two records of Collared Pratincole (Glareola praticola), one record of Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), two records of Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) and one record of Yellow-browed Warbler (Phylloscopus inornatus) were the most interesting records in 2017. Rarities Committee accepted also some other valuable observations from the years 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017. For example one record of Black Swann (Cygnus atratus), one record of Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), ten records of Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis), seven records of Red-breasted Goose (Branta ruficollis), five records of Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca), two records of Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea), three breeding records of Common Merganser (Mergus merganser), three records of Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus), one record of Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), one record of Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), ten records of Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus), one record of Greater Spotted Eagle (Clanga clanga), one record of Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), one record of Eurasian Dotterel (Charadrius morinellus), one record of Parasitic Jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus), several records of European Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), one record of Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus graellsii/intermedius), two records of European Roller (Coracias garrulus), one record of Citrine wagtail (Motacilla citreola), one record of Greenish Warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides) and one record of Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus). Key words: birds, rarities committee, rarities report, Slovakia Rác P. (ed.): Ornitologické pozorovania Kronika – Za Oldřichom Suchánkom Kronika – Spomienka na Mariana Krchniaka |
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