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Tichodroma 18 (2006) Pôvodné práce
Zmeny v avifaune rybničnej oblasti Iňačovce-Senné a NPR Senné v rokoch 1995–2004 Changes in avifauna of the fishpond area Iňačovce-Senné and the National Nature Reserve Senné in 1995–2004 Štefan DANKO Zemplínske múzeum, Kostolné námestie 1, 071 01 Michalovce, Slovensko; danko.stefan@slovanet.sk Birds of the National Nature Reserve Senné and the adjacent fishpond area Iňačovce-Senné were studied since their establishment in 1970. Up to 1994, there were found 144 waterfowl and water associated species (additionally there were included two other species: Larus hyperboreus and Motacilla cinerea). Up to 2004, there were found another four species: Acrocephalus melanopogon, Stercorarius longicaudus, Netta rufina and Bubulcus ibis. That means, there have been documented together 150 species of this bird group. The species Acrocephalus paludicola was confirmed, 25 another erratic species were not confirmed over the recent 10 years. The first breeding was documented in Motacilla alba, Sterna hirundo, Larus melanocephalus, Larus cachinnans, Anser anser, Alcedo atthis and Ardeola ralloides. Sporadic breeders Podiceps grisegena, Egretta garzetta and Cygnus olor became regular breeders, and in opposite, former regular breeders Ciconia ciconia, Recurvirostra avosetta, Charadrius dubius, Limosa limosa, Tringa totanus and Riparia riparia bred only occasionally. Breeding of the species Anas acuta, Aythya nyroca, Circus pygargus, Porzana porzana and Himantopus himantopus was not documented in the studied ten years. The list of 123 occurring species from other taxonomical and ecological groups, ringing results of 173 and selected observations of rare species are also presented. Altogether 273 bird species (79% of the Slovak avifauna) were found up to 2004.  Torysa – migračná cesta vtáctva po 40 rokoch Torysa River – the migration route of birds forty years later Peter KAŇUCH, Ján PAVÚK, Martin SÁROSSY, Martin FECKO, Miroslav FULÍN, Peter IMRICH, Peter KRIŠOVSKÝ, Ivan OLEJÁR, Martin SEDLÁK & Peter VRÁBEL Ústav ekológie lesa SAV, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovensko; kanuch@netopiere.sk; A. Prídavku 24, 080 01 Prešov, Slovensko; jan.pavuk@kemiflocslovakia.sk; M. R. Štefánika 43, 082 21 Veľký Šariš, Slovensko; sarossy@changenet.sk; Potočná 27, 080 06 Prešov, Slovensko; martin.fecko.ppo@3s.land.gov.sk; Východoslovenské múzeum, Hviezdoslavova 3, 041 36 Košice, Slovensko; fulin@zoznam.sk; A. Sládkoviča 8, 082 21 Veľký Šariš, Slovensko; imrich19@post.sk; Murgašova 6, 083 01 Sabinov, Slovensko; krisovsky@seznam.cz; Tajovského 24, 080 05 Prešov, Slovensko; SDH 8, 080 01 Prešov, Slovensko; Matice Slovenskej 6, 083 01 Sabinov, Slovensko; p.vrabel@centrum.sk Forty years after the first study of avifauna of the Torysa River, one of the dominant watercourses of north-eastern Slovakia, changes in the species composition in the area were compared (using of original semi-quantitative method from the first study) and possible reasons of these changes were suggested. In the selected area, 11 river segments and 14 other water or wetland localities were studied during 1995–2006. Compared with 101 species from the first study, only 70 waterfowl species were found. On the other hand, some other species were found there: Egretta alba, Nycticorax nycticorax, Cygnus olor, Tadorna tadorna, Larus canus and Circus pygargus. In the migration season, a significant decrease in species as well as in occurrence frequency in several orders was found. The order Charadriiformes was the most negatively affected. Having passed across the frozen waters, some new species occurred in the winter (e.g. Ardea cinerea, Phalacrocorax carbo). In time of the first study, high important habitats for species occurrence and abundance were regularly flooded meadows near non-canalised river segments and former permanent wetlands, not existing any more. Even the remaining residues of wetlands are under continual strong human impact. Establishment of new permanent water sites and conservation of the last meanders with native riparian stands in the area of the Torysa River should help to support the important route of birds’ migration. Vtáčie spoločenstvá územia plánovanej výstavby vodného diela Slatinka (stredné Slovensko) Bird communities in the area of a projected water reservoir Slatinka (C Slovakia) Anton KRIŠTÍN Ústav ekológie lesa SAV, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovensko; kristin@savzv.sk Altogether 131 bird species (88 breeding, 20 hospites and 23 permigrants) were found across the area of the whole planned water reservoir (266 ha, bank line at 332 m a.s.l.) from 1993–2006. From this amount, 36 species were on the Red List of Slovak Birds (two endangered permigrants Egretta garzetta and Anser anser, two vulnerable permigrants Anas crecca and Gallinago gallinago, 28 species in category low risk and four species as not evaluated). The number of all species, breeding species as well as the number of breeding pairs/ 10 ha was evaluated on particular monitoring plots (8–30 ha) from 2002–2005. Ciconia nigra, Crex crex, Aquila pomarina, Columba oenas, Dendrocopos minor, D. medius, D. syriacus, D. leucotos, Luscinia megarhynchos, Locustella fluviatilis, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Emberiza schoeniclus belonged to the most important breeding species. There were also observed foraging Ficedula parva and Remiz pendulinus. Egretta garzetta, Anas penelope passed the area rarely only. Breeding and wintering site fidelity of Parus major and Sitta europaea to the nest boxes was analyzed over five years. Vývoj avifauny na Levických rybníkoch za posledných 50 rokov Development of avifauna in the Levické rybníky fishponds during the last 50 years Lucia TURČOKOVÁ Ornitologická laboratoř, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Palackého, Tř. Svobody 26, 771 46, Olomouc, Česko; alcedo@azet.sk A lot of paddy fields were established in the middle of the 20th century. Due to their ineffectiveness, they were transformed to ponds later. The Levické rybníky fishponds, near to the Levice town originated by this way. Many waterfowl species started to exploit free ranges. Since 1953, this area has been studied by many ornithologists. The presented work analyses and summarizes the development of avifauna over the last 50 years. Many species, as Ardea purpurea or Larus fuscus were observed more often during the recent seasons. In spite of known breeding of species Sterna hirundo, Botaurus stellaris, Rallus aquaticus and Porzana parva 40 years ago, these are completely missing at present. The species Cygnus olor, Netta rufina and Circus aeruginosus have found new appropriate breeding conditions there. Egretta alba is a common wintering species in the area and the further record of wintering Panurus biarmicus was observed there. Hromadné zimovanie divých husí v Podunajsku v zime 2005/06 Mass wintering of geese in the Danube lowland in winter 2005/06 Jozef RIDZOŇ, Johannes LABER, Ján GÚGH & Katarína SLABEYOVÁ Oravice 214, 029 56 Zákamenné, Slovensko; ridzon@vtaky.sk; Brunnstubengasse 50, 2102 Bisamberg, Slovensko; johannes.laber@kabsi.at; 941 41 Bešeňov 521, Slovensko; johnyg82@yahoo.com; Nábrežie Svobodu 28, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovensko; iwcslovakia@yahoo.com In winter 2005/06 we observed three regular night roosting sites of three goose species (Bean Goose, Greater White-fronted Goose, Greylag Goose)on the Slovak section of the Danube River. We registered together 3000–35000 individuals of geese. This number is the highest recorded during coordinated censuses in Slovakia. Abundance during the winter reached two peaks. The first one was in mid-December and the second one in the first days of February. Comparison with the data obtained from international census in surroundings of the Neusiedler See in Austria and water reservoirs Nové Mlýny in the Czech Republic showed that fluctuations in abundance were caused by movements of geese among localities in area bordered by the Neusiedler See and the water reservoirs Nové Mlýny and Hrušovská zdrž. The high number of wintering geese in the winter 2005/06 was caused not only by climatic conditions; the Hrušovská zdrž site was one of the few in the above specified area which were frozen partly only. Feeding areas in its surroundings were accessible over the whole winter, and, at the same time, hunting activities absented completely. These three factors resulted in high numbers of wintering geese in the territory of the Hrušovská zdrž water reservoir.
Sezónní a meziroční změny skladby potravy kalouse ušatého (Asio otus) na jižní Moravě Seasonal and interannual changes in diet composition of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) in Southern Moravia Věra BENCOVÁ, Tomáš KAŠPAR & Josef BRYJA Ústav biologie obratlovců AV ČR, Studenec 122, 675 02 Koněšín, Česko; bryja@brno.cas.cz; Ústav botaniky a zoologie, Přírodovědecká fakulta MU, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Česko; Muzeum regionu Valašsko ve Vsetíně, Zámecká 3, 757 01 Valašské Meziříčí, Česko The analysis of owl pellets is a highly efficient method that brings information on the composition of the owls’ diet. In most cases, however, mixed or incidentally collected samples have been analyzed and the analyses were more or less focused on the description of geographic variability of the diet. The inability to collect the pellets regularly throughout longer time periods, i.e. to acquire the information about temporal variability of the diet, is often caused by instability of owl’s occurrence at the locality. Here we analyze the material of Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) pellets collected in regular monthly intervals at the Central cemetery in the periphery part of the Brno town (southern Moravia, Czech Republic) during almost three complete years (2001–2004). Altogether, 2806 prey items were identified. The predominant prey components were rodents (95.5% of the total prey), birds (3.7%), insectivores (0.6%), and bats (0.1%). The most abundant species was the Common Vole (65.7%); however, its proportion in the diet was very variable (86.2% in 2001 vs. 26.0% in 2004). We also observed conspicuous seasonal changes in the diet composition – relative proportion of the Apodemus mice, total diversity and the width of the trophic niche were consistently increasing from spring to winter. Interannual variability of the diet is discussed in relation with population cycles of voles, and seasonal variability is linked with changes in snow cover and with seasonally changing predation strategy of the Long-eared Owl. Regular records of Apodemus agrarius achieving at the studied locality its southern distribution range in the Czech Republic are very important from the faunistic point of view. Potravní ekologie puštíka obecného (Strix aluco) v době hnízdění Foraging ecology of Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) in breeding season Karel ZVÁŘAL Dukelská 3980, 760 01 Zlín, Česko; karel.zvaral@tiscali.cz The diet of Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) was studied during the breeding seasons in the period 1990–2005 in Zlín region (50% of wood, 200–750 m a.s.l.), Czech republic. Number of breeding pairs, eggs, chicks and food surplus were investigated. Some local differences in reproduction data were found. The influence of dominant tree species, the weather, diseases and some other predators (Sus scrofa, Vulpes vulpes, Martes foina) were discussed. Apodemus flavicollis was the dominant prey of owls. Together with other mice (Apodemus sp. and Mus musculus) they represent 68.4% (4.9–85.6%) of the total of 5123 food items. The population of Microtus arvalis showed the most distinctive and regular cycles among all rodents species occurring in the diet of the owl. Common Vole, together with Pitymys subterraneus and Microtus agrestis represented 8.3% (0–36.9%). Clethrionomys glareolus represented 9.6% (0–16.7%). The oscillations of Bank Vole numbers were not as distinct as those of Common Vole and the years of gradation of these two species were not always identical. Birds represented 7.2% (1.4–47.6%) of the diet of Tawny Owl. In cases when owls could not pass the entrance of the nest-box with some larger bird prey (pigeon, jay), they store the prey nearby the nest tree. Three cases of replacement clutches after chick loss (1–9, 5–11, and about 20 days old) were found in 1995 and 2002. Some Tawny Owls may hunt during the daytime, especially after the nights with the rainy weather. Krúžkovanie myšiarok močiarnych (Asio flammeus) v okolí Nových Zámkov (JZ Slovensko) a poznámky k odchytom v rokoch 2000–2005 Ringing of Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in Nové Zámky surrounding (SW Slovakia) and notes to ringed birds from 2000–2005 Jozef LENGYEL Nitriansky Hrádok, Za kostolom 2, 942 01 Šurany, Slovensko; lengyel@sopsr.sk Altogether 74 Short-eared Owls were caught and ringed during 32 catching trips on 10 localities in the north of the Nové Zámky area in 2000–2005. Regarding age, 20 individuals were adult, 30 immature and in 24 individuals the age was not identified. The most individuals(33)were caught in alfalfa stubbles(Medicago sativa), 22 in mown meadows(association Alopecurion pratensis), 17 in salt and boggy meadows (association Festucion pseudovinae) and the lowest number (2) was found in the corn stubbles. The most important localities were: Nature Reserve Žitavský luh (21 individuals), alfalfa stubble Chrenovské lúky (18) and salty meadow Akomáň (11). Immature female of Asio flammeus with the Finish ring (H 170 658, Museum Zool. Helsinky, Finnland) has been caught in the Nature Reserve Žitavský luh on October 29, 2005 (ringed as pull. in Finnland on 18. 6. 2005, total 1609 km from birth site). This record can indicate that the population migrating through and wintering in Slovakia comes from northern or north-eastern Europe. Vzťahy medzi využívaním búdok vtákmi v zimnom a hniezdnom období Patterns in winter-roosting and breeding of birds in nest-boxes Marek VEĽKÝ Ústav ekológie lesa SAV, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovensko; bigger12@seznam.cz Only two species Parus major and Sitta europaea used nest boxes for their winter-roosting in urban environment. The key factor influencing the nest-box occupancy seems to be the outdoor air temperature. We found the highest occupancy rate for temperatures higher than 0º C. The females P. major were more sensible than the males. Nest box occupancy in 30 nest boxes during two winter periods was 3–17%. Further factors were; the length of daylight, weather, nest-box cleanness, predators and human impact. In each nest box, there were wintering only single individuals. More females than males were roosting in November. In December up to mid of February, the sex ratio was 1:1. From February, there were roosting more females, in accordance to the pre-breeding strategy. Furthermore, we found (using ringing recoveries) that tits used 1–4 nest boxes, switching among them for winter roosting. Mean flight distance between two positive checks was 42 m in females and 60 m in males. Maximum dispersal distance was 231 m in males and 150 m in females. During night, chicks were warmed exclusively by one adult individual only. Apart from females, also males of P. major warmed (11%) chicks. Half of the breeding population of tits consisted of wintering individuals. The breeding population has been completely changed from one year to another, possibly as the reason of dispersal caused by rich offer of breeding possibilities.
Hniezdna biológia slávika krovinového (Luscinia megarhynchos) vo vetrolamoch (JZ Slovensko) Breeding biology of the Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) in windbreaks (SW Slovakia) Michal BALÁŽ Katedra zoológie, Prírodovedecká fakulta UK, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovensko; balazm@fns.uniba.sk The breeding biology of Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) was studied within the breeding periods 2000 and 2001 in windbreaks of agricultural landscape in SW Slovakia. The breeding density was quantified using the territory mapping method considering the position of the found nests, and the Mayfield method was used to estimate the nest success. The mean density of breeding pairs was 29.8/ 10 ha, and this species was the most abundant in breeding community. Most of the nests were placed in the plant species Sambucus nigra, Ulmus minor, Ligustrum vulgare and Urtica dioica, at approximately 17.2 cm above the ground (n = 22). Altogether, only 20% of the found nests were placed higher than 20 cm above the ground. The outer diameter of nests was 14.3 cm, the inner diameter was 7.0 cm, the height of the nests was 13.5 and the mean depth was 6.6 cm. The mean clutch size of this bird species was 4.9 eggs per one nest. The mean size of eggs was 21.2 × 16.0 mm (n = 81) and their mean weight was 2.8 g (n = 60). The daily survival rates of the nightingales nests were 0.9 and the nest success was 29.8%. Fledging success was 1.4 fledglings per a nest. Lower reproduction success was probably caused by the strong predation rates of small mammal predators.
Rozširovanie hniezdneho areálu strakoša sivého (Lanius excubitor) a zvyšovanie početnosti zimujúcich jedincov na južnom Slovensku Expansion of breeding range of the Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor) and increasing of its winter abundance in southern Slovakia Ján KOČÍ & Miloš MUCINA Scherera 36, 921 01 Piešťany, Slovensko; jan.koci@centrum.sk; A. Dubčeka 14, 921 01 Piešťany, Slovensko We discuss a peripheral breeding population of the Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor) near Piešťany, southern Slovakia. Its abundance has burst from zero at the beginning of 1990’s up to one of the highest current in Europe. We suggest that the key casual factors are the following: momentary decreasing intensity of farming practices, development of more suitable habitats, decreasing use of pesticides, better food sources, climatic changes, increasing wintering population and effect of the peripheral population. However, the real influence of these factors on this population has to be studied in future. Hodnotenie vplyvu lesohospodárskeho využívania lesov na vtáčie zoskupenia: literárna rešerš Evaluation of silviculture practices impact on forest bird assemblages: A review Martin KORŇAN Centrum pre ekologické štúdie, Ústredie 14, 013 62 Veľké Rovné, Slovensko; mkornan@mail.t-com.sk Intensive silviculture in the Slovak large-scale protected areas may seriously damage the original patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem structure, dynamics and stability. Our primary objective was to evaluate the current silvicultural practices and their effects on bird assemblages, based on previous studies. The second objective is to propose an optimal silvicultural strategy for re-establishing as close as possible the original landscape structure and biodiversity. Four basic forest thinning regimes(clear-felling, shelterwood cutting, group-felling, and selection cutting) are described and evaluated. Their impacts on forest interior structure, landscape patchiness, and forest temporal dynamics are discussed. Suitability of the thinning regimes is mainly evaluated based on the changes in species structure and density of avian assemblages during the forest development: from the establishment phase through pre-thicket, thicket to maturation phase. In general, clear-felling and selection cutting are two extremes of high forest management. Clear-felling is typical by creating small-sized forest patches of various ages, each consisting of even-aged trees. These patches represent all developmental stages of planted forest type. In contrast, selection cutting is based on removing individual trees, and it results in creating vertically very heterogeneous forests with well-developed all vegetation layers. The foliage profile of such a wood is extremely complex. Selection cutting in combination with group selection follows the natural dynamics of our forests and leads to development of close-to-original bird assemblages, not just from aspect of species composition but also with similar population densities. Growing forest with native plant composition and plant species genotype managed by selection and group selection may be the first crucial step to sustainable forestry in our protected areas. Prehľad krúžkovania vtákov na Slovensku v roku 2005 Bird-ringing results in Slovakia in 2005 Vladimír SLOBODNÍK ŠOP SR, Správa CHKO Ponitrie, Dlhá 3, 971 01 Prievidza, Slovensko; vslobod@sopsr.sk In 2005, 56 members of Slovak Ornithological Society ringed altogether 21119 individuals of 168 species. From this number, 4352 were nestlings (20.6%). The most frequently ringed species were Larus ridibundus (2135 ind.), Sylvia atricapilla (1781 ind.), Acrocephalus scirpaceus (1183 ind.), Erithacus rubecula (1128 ind.), Hirundo rustica (810 ind.)and Carduelis spinus (709 ind.). We present lists of ten most frequently ringed passerines and ten non-passerines. The most frequently ringed young are also discussed. Ringing results of 13 species of European importance and 25 national protected species are analysed. Results of re-trapping of six species ringed abroad and found in Slovakia as well as five species ringed in Slovakia and retrapped abroad are given. The 6th Report of the Slovak Rarities Committee Vladimír ŠRANK Zoologická záhrada Bojnice, 972 01 Bojnice, Slovensko; director@zoobojnice.sk In the years 2004–2005, the Rarities Committee of the Slovak Ornithological Society discussed in total 20 announcements. Seventeen announcements have been accepted. In the category A (first recorded species in Slovakia, one observation was accepted: Aythya collaris. In the category C (any occurrence and nesting of the species must by reported) were accepted 15 observations comprisig the following species: Aix sponsa, Branta bernicla, Branta leucopsis, Branta ruficollis, Haematopus ostralegus, Charadrius morinellus (two observations), Motacilla citreola werae, Parus cyanus, Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, Podiceps auritus, Tadorna ferruginea (three observations), Xenus cinereus. In the category D (any nesting of the species must by reported) was accepted one nest occurrence of Turdus iliacus. Pál Rapos a jeho oologická zbierka Pál Rapos and his oological collection Peter RÁC Lermontovova 4, 811 05 Bratislava, Slovensko Pál Rapos (* October 19, 1916, Veľké Leváre, Slovakia – † August 9, 2001, Újrónafö, Hungary) assembled 332 clutches of 126 bird species from the territory of Hungary in his egg collection. The collection is deposited in the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of West Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár. The catalogue of the egg collection is arranged in the following order: scientific name of the species, date of collection, locality, clutch size, name of the collector. Bird clutches collected by P. Rapos are without collector’s name. Errata |
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